Symbiosis between the cyanobacterium Nostoc and the liverwort Blasia requires a CheR-type MCP methyltransferase

In response to environmental change, the cyanobacterium  Nostoc punctiforme  ATCC 29133 produces highly adapted filaments known as hormogonia that have gliding motility and serve as the agents of infection in symbioses with plants. Hormogonia sense and respond to unidentified plant-derived chemical signals that attract and guide them towards the symbiotic tissues of the host. There is increasing evidence to suggest that their interaction with host plants is regulated by chemotaxis-related signal transduction systems. The genome of  N .  punctiforme  contains multiple sets of chemotaxis ( che )-like genes. In this study we characterize the large  che5  locus of  N .  punctiforme . Disruption of NpR0248, which encodes a putative CheR methyltransferase, results in loss of motility and significantly impairs symbiotic competency with the liverwort  Blasia pusilla  when compared with the parent strain. Our results suggest that chemotaxis-like elements regulate hormogonia function and hence symbiotic competency in this system.