Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma

N. G. Harnett; N. M. Dumornay; M. Delity; L. D. Sanchez; K. Mohiuddin; P. I. Musey Jr.; M. J. Seamon; S. A. McLean; R. C. Kessler; K. C. Koenen; F. L. Beaudoin; L. A. M. Lebois; S. J. H. van Rooij; N. A. Sampson; V. Michopoulos; J. L. Maples-Keller; J. P. Haran; A. B. Storrow; C. Lewandowski; P. L. Hendry; S. Sheikh; C. W. Jones; B. E. Punches; M. C. Kurz; R. A. Swor; M. E. McGrath; L. A. Hudak; J. L. Pascual; S. L. House; X. An; J. S. Stevens; T. C. Neylan; T. Jovanovic; S. D. Linnstaedt; L. T. Germine; E. M. Datner; A. M. Chang; C. Pearson; D. A. Peak; R. C. Merchant; R. M. Domeier; N. K. Rathlev; B. J. O'Neil; P. Sergot; Steven Bruce; M. W. Miller; R. H. Pietrzak; J. Joormann; D. M. Barch; D. A. Pizzagalli; J. F. Sheridan; J. W. Smoller; B. Luna; S. E. Harte; J. M. Elliott; K. J. Ressler

doi:10.1017/S0033291721004475

Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma

N. G. Harnett, N. M. Dumornay, M. Delity, L. D. Sanchez, K. Mohiuddin, P. I. Musey Jr., M. J. Seamon, S. A. McLean, R. C. Kessler, K. C. Koenen, F. L. Beaudoin, L. A. M. Lebois, S. J. H. van Rooij, N. A. Sampson, V. Michopoulos, J. L. Maples-Keller, J. P. Haran, A. B. Storrow, C. Lewandowski, P. L. HendryS. Sheikh, C. W. Jones, B. E. Punches, M. C. Kurz, R. A. Swor, M. E. McGrath, L. A. Hudak, J. L. Pascual, S. L. House, X. An, J. S. Stevens, T. C. Neylan, T. Jovanovic, S. D. Linnstaedt, L. T. Germine, E. M. Datner, A. M. Chang, C. Pearson, D. A. Peak, R. C. Merchant, R. M. Domeier, N. K. Rathlev, B. J. O'Neil, P. Sergot, Steven Bruce, M. W. Miller, R. H. Pietrzak, J. Joormann, D. M. Barch, D. A. Pizzagalli, J. F. Sheridan, J. W. Smoller, B. Luna, S. E. Harte, J. M. Elliott, K. J. Ressler

University of Missouri-St. Louis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

   Background 
 Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time.
   Methods 
 As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (   n   = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors.
   Results 
 Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants.
   Conclusions 
 The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.
 

Original language	American English
Journal	Psychological Medicine
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004475
State	Published - 2022

Keywords

Disparities
anxiety
depression
ethnicity
race
trauma

Disciplines

Psychiatry and Psychology

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10.1017/S0033291721004475License: Unspecified

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Harnett, N. G., Dumornay, N. M., Delity, M., Sanchez, L. D., Mohiuddin, K., Musey Jr., P. I., Seamon, M. J., McLean, S. A., Kessler, R. C., Koenen, K. C., Beaudoin, F. L., Lebois, L. A. M., van Rooij, S. J. H., Sampson, N. A., Michopoulos, V., Maples-Keller, J. L., Haran, J. P., Storrow, A. B., Lewandowski, C., ... Ressler, K. J. (2022). Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma. Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004475

Harnett, NG, Dumornay, NM, Delity, M, Sanchez, LD, Mohiuddin, K, Musey Jr., PI, Seamon, MJ, McLean, SA, Kessler, RC, Koenen, KC, Beaudoin, FL, Lebois, LAM, van Rooij, SJH, Sampson, NA, Michopoulos, V, Maples-Keller, JL, Haran, JP, Storrow, AB, Lewandowski, C, Hendry, PL, Sheikh, S, Jones, CW, Punches, BE, Kurz, MC, Swor, RA, McGrath, ME, Hudak, LA, Pascual, JL, House, SL, An, X, Stevens, JS, Neylan, TC, Jovanovic, T, Linnstaedt, SD, Germine, LT, Datner, EM, Chang, AM, Pearson, C, Peak, DA, Merchant, RC, Domeier, RM, Rathlev, NK, O'Neil, BJ, Sergot, P, Bruce, S, Miller, MW, Pietrzak, RH, Joormann, J, Barch, DM, Pizzagalli, DA, Sheridan, JF, Smoller, JW, Luna, B, Harte, SE, Elliott, JM & Ressler, KJ 2022, 'Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma', Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004475

@article{461f505eda764190acb9d263a336e312,

title = "Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma",

abstract = " Background Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. Methods As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants ( n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. Results Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. Conclusions The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories. ",

keywords = "Disparities, anxiety, depression, ethnicity, race, trauma",

author = "Harnett, {N. G.} and Dumornay, {N. M.} and M. Delity and Sanchez, {L. D.} and K. Mohiuddin and {Musey Jr.}, {P. I.} and Seamon, {M. J.} and McLean, {S. A.} and Kessler, {R. C.} and Koenen, {K. C.} and Beaudoin, {F. L.} and Lebois, {L. A. M.} and {van Rooij}, {S. J. H.} and Sampson, {N. A.} and V. Michopoulos and Maples-Keller, {J. L.} and Haran, {J. P.} and Storrow, {A. B.} and C. Lewandowski and Hendry, {P. L.} and S. Sheikh and Jones, {C. W.} and Punches, {B. E.} and Kurz, {M. C.} and Swor, {R. A.} and McGrath, {M. E.} and Hudak, {L. A.} and Pascual, {J. L.} and House, {S. L.} and X. An and Stevens, {J. S.} and Neylan, {T. C.} and T. Jovanovic and Linnstaedt, {S. D.} and Germine, {L. T.} and Datner, {E. M.} and Chang, {A. M.} and C. Pearson and Peak, {D. A.} and Merchant, {R. C.} and Domeier, {R. M.} and Rathlev, {N. K.} and O'Neil, {B. J.} and P. Sergot and Steven Bruce and Miller, {M. W.} and Pietrzak, {R. H.} and J. Joormann and Barch, {D. M.} and Pizzagalli, {D. A.} and Sheridan, {J. F.} and Smoller, {J. W.} and B. Luna and Harte, {S. E.} and Elliott, {J. M.} and Ressler, {K. J.}",

note = "Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1017/S0033291721004475",

language = "American English",

journal = "Psychological Medicine",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma

AU - Harnett, N. G.

AU - Dumornay, N. M.

AU - Delity, M.

AU - Sanchez, L. D.

AU - Mohiuddin, K.

AU - Musey Jr., P. I.

AU - Seamon, M. J.

AU - McLean, S. A.

AU - Kessler, R. C.

AU - Koenen, K. C.

AU - Beaudoin, F. L.

AU - Lebois, L. A. M.

AU - van Rooij, S. J. H.

AU - Sampson, N. A.

AU - Michopoulos, V.

AU - Maples-Keller, J. L.

AU - Haran, J. P.

AU - Storrow, A. B.

AU - Lewandowski, C.

AU - Hendry, P. L.

AU - Sheikh, S.

AU - Jones, C. W.

AU - Punches, B. E.

AU - Kurz, M. C.

AU - Swor, R. A.

AU - McGrath, M. E.

AU - Hudak, L. A.

AU - Pascual, J. L.

AU - House, S. L.

AU - An, X.

AU - Stevens, J. S.

AU - Neylan, T. C.

AU - Jovanovic, T.

AU - Linnstaedt, S. D.

AU - Germine, L. T.

AU - Datner, E. M.

AU - Chang, A. M.

AU - Pearson, C.

AU - Peak, D. A.

AU - Merchant, R. C.

AU - Domeier, R. M.

AU - Rathlev, N. K.

AU - O'Neil, B. J.

AU - Sergot, P.

AU - Bruce, Steven

AU - Miller, M. W.

AU - Pietrzak, R. H.

AU - Joormann, J.

AU - Barch, D. M.

AU - Pizzagalli, D. A.

AU - Sheridan, J. F.

AU - Smoller, J. W.

AU - Luna, B.

AU - Harte, S. E.

AU - Elliott, J. M.

AU - Ressler, K. J.

N1 - Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. Methods As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants ( n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. Results Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. Conclusions The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.

AB - Background Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. Methods As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants ( n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. Results Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. Conclusions The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.

KW - Disparities

KW - anxiety

KW - depression

KW - ethnicity

KW - race

KW - trauma

UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004475

U2 - 10.1017/S0033291721004475

DO - 10.1017/S0033291721004475

M3 - Article

JO - Psychological Medicine

JF - Psychological Medicine

ER -

Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma

Abstract

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